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MR. HIGGINS UNITED STATES HISTORY II ADVANCED PLACEMENT
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MODERN AMERICA (1945 to Present)
Part 1
Read the statements below and complete them by filling in the blanks with the appropriate answer in RED. Use the text color button above to change color. Please review all of the statements and be sure they are correct. If the answer is in blue it has been checked and is correct.
1. The origins of the Cold War can be traced to the Yalta Conference in February of 1945, where the Soviets pledged to permit free elections in Poland and the rest of Eastern Europe, but they eventually reneiged, drawing what Winston Churchill called an Iron Curtain across central Europe.
2. In response to this perceived threat by the Soviet Union, a state department official named George Kennan proposed the policy of containment, which became the official U.S. foreign policy with regard to world communism from 1947 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 - 1991.
3. The post W.W.II economic boom spawned by increased disposable income in the hands of the many new middle class Americans resulted in rapid increase in the post war birth rate called the Baby Boom.
4. In order to properly raise, feed, and house all of these new children the government instituted the _GI Bill of Rights___ , which granted loans to returning veterans to go to college, buy homes, and start small business. A Long Island builder built the first Levittown during this post war period bringing to the housing industry the techniques of mass production, making suburban housing more affordable. The pediatrician - author Dr. Benjamin Spock published The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care in which he encouraged these young, suburban , middle class Americans to make their homes child-centered. Because of these trends the 1950s is often referred to as the age of Innocence.
5. President Dwight D. Eisenhower was an exponent of “modern republicanism” and stated he was liberal when it came to people, but conservative when it came to their money”.
6. American support of South Vietnam was the result of adherence to the Domino Theory, which claimed that if South Vietnam were to fall to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would soon follow.
7. What constitutional principle, which held since the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, was ruled unconstitutional by the Brown v Board of Ed, Topeka Ks. decision? Segregation in public schools
8. The 1950’s youth are often referred to as the silent generation, however, the introduction of rock and roll as a new type of musical expression as well as the writings of Jack Kerowak and Allen Ginsburg, who were known as the Beats, portended the youth counterculture of the 1960’s.
9. As a result of the launching of Sputnik I in 1957, the U.S. started its own space agency called NASA, and congress passed the National Defense Education Act, earmarking federal funds for Science and Math education.
10. The most important Civil Rights legislation passed during this era was the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed segregation in all public facilities and created the EEOC, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which made it illegal for states to use literacy tests and empowered federal examiners to register qualified voters in the South. This was in conjunction with the passage of the 24th Amendment in 1964, which constitutionally prohibited poll taxes as a qualification for voting. 2
11. In 1956, congress also passed the Federal Highway Act, which was a huge public works project that built most of this nation’s interstate highways.
12. Historians have referred to the series of race riots which afflicted America’s biggest cities in the late 1960’s as the Long Hot Summers.
13. What Alabama governor said, “segregation now, segregation tomorrow, and segregation forever,” as he stood in front of the entrance to the University of Alabama in June of 1963. George Wallace
14. Civil Rights organizations like CORE and SNCC used sit-ins at lunch counters and other areas of segregated public facilities and staged huge _marches_______ to register black voters in the South.
15. A more militant civil rights movement was initiated by Malcom X when he took SNCC away from the path of passive resistance and openly advocated violence against ____, a slang name for whites. This, along with the rise of the Black Panthers founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in 1966, marked the birth of the Black Power Movement with its symbol a clenched fist raised above the head.
16. Who said “big government is not the solution, it’s the problem” ? Ronald Reagan
Part 2
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Choose one of the questions below and answer it Completely in Red. Once the answer is in blue it cannot be changed because it is completely correct. If the answer is in Red additional information or analysis may be required. Any information in yellow is incorrect and must be changed to red until it is validated and changed to blue.
1. Containment
List (3) examples in which this policy was applied and succeeded and (3) applications of this policy in which it was applied and failed giving an explanation for each.
succeeded: explanation:
1.
2.
3.
failed: explanation:
1.
2.
3.
2. Define McCarthyism: Intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s.
3. What constitutional principle, which held since the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, was ruled unconstitutional by the Brown v Board of Ed, Topeka Ks. decision?
4. Contrast the views of Malcolm X and the Black Muslims with Martin Luther King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference for attaining Black political and social equality. Malcolm X and the black panthers were violent and they really weren't looking for and integrated society, Martin Lunter King Jr. and the SCLC were non-violent and they wanted an equal and integrated society in which nobody had any issues with their neighbors' skin color.
Malcolm X Dr. King
5. After the publication of Michael Harrington’s The Other America, which addressed the issue of poverty and economic opportunity in America, President Lyndon Baynes Johnson proposed his Great Society, its programs likened to a third New Deal.
List (4) of its programs:
1. which…
2. which…
3. which…
4. which…
6. Explain the appeal of George Wallace’s American Independent Party in the 1968 presidential election.
7. What was the objective of the S.D.S. as articulated by their Port Huron Statement?
8. Who urged the youth culture of the 1960’s to “tune in, turn on, and drop out”? How was this to be accomplished?
Timothy Leary, Harvard Professor. People were supposed to "tune in" by becoming more in touch with the surrounding world by dropping acid to "turn on" new neural activity, and "drop out" of society to get to know yourself better. how or through what means?
9. Who said “read my lips, no new taxes”? What was considered by many to be this person’s greatest foreign policy achievement?
George H. W. Bush
10. Who gave the “malaise” speech and what was its subject? President Jimmy Carter. The "malaise" speech told the American public that he felt that they no longer had confidence in their country, and that they should use the tragic events to gain some more what?
11. This trade agreement signed during the early part of the Clinton administration lowered or ended all tariff restrictions among the U.S., Mexico, and Canada? North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Those who opposed this agreement feared?
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